Poultry Farming in Saudi Arabia: Farms, Market & Growth Trends

Basically, a poultry farm is a farming establishment whereby birds, such as chickens, are raised for meat, eggs, or both. Poultry farming has become an integral part of food security and local production in Saudi Arabia. With increasing demand for affordable protein and heavy governmental support, the sector is spreading across the Kingdom-from large industrial facilities to family-run small poultry farm setups.

The poultry farm basically encompasses good bird care, proper nutrition, and controlled environments with solid poultry farm management. The very important point is to find out the different types of farms and their business potential, whether one is going to start a new poultry farm operation or run an existing one, for long-term success.

Types of Poultry Farms

There are many types of poultry farms, each meant for a specific production purpose. Of these, broiler poultry farming is the most prevalent in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the upbringing of chickens for meat purposes. Broiler farming is very popular, for its production cycle is rather short, along with a consistent market demand. Birds are raised for a short time before being prepared; thus, it is a high-turnover poultry farm business.

Another very common model is the egg poultry farm where layer chickens are raised mainly for their eggs. Planning takes more time on these farms because layers stay in them longer. Lighting programmes, nutrition, and stress management are particularly important for the consistent production of eggs. Egg production farming has higher value especially when the local markets and distribution networks are stable.

Small scale poultry farming is normally done at family or community levels most of the time. These might be smaller in number but contribute significantly to the local supplies. Normally, a small poultry farm is ideal for beginners who might want to study the behavior of birds, feeding routines, and basic poultry farm management before expanding.

The main characteristics of urban supply chains are large-scale and commercial poultry farming, relying on automation, climate control, and data-driven systems with the ultimate goal of maximum output and efficiency. The produce usually reaches retailers, restaurants, and food processors across Saudi Arabia.

How Does a Poultry Farm Work?

Running a poultry farm is a successful venture owing to daily attention being paid to the health of the birds, their housing conditions, and feed quality. In fact, in climates such as Saudi Arabia, special attention has to be paid to temperature control and ventilation. Generally speaking, farms use enclosed housing that protects the birds from extreme heat but still allows for airflow and hygiene.

The core of production lies in feeding and watering. Well-balanced nutrition relies on growth rates, egg-laying efficiency, and general health conditions of the flock. Proper poultry farm management ensures that birds receive consistent care that minimizes disease risk and loss.

Sanitation and biosecurity count, too. Restricted access, regular cleaning, and veterinary oversight can help prevent disease outbreaks that hit productivity and poultry farm profitability.

Merits of Poultry Farming in Saudi Arabia

Some major incentives are strong and consistent market demand. Chicken meat and eggs are indispensable items in households throughout Saudi Arabia, and for these reasons, poultry products play an indispensable role in the daily consumption of communities. The constant demand supports small poultry farm owners and large producers alike.

The returns on poultry farming are also faster compared to most other agricultural investments. Cycles of broilers are short, and egg production assures returns on a continuous basis; this makes profitability quite attractive to new investors. With proper planning, even a new poultry farm can be viable in reasonable time.

Another advantage is scalability: most successful commercial poultry farming operations in Saudi Arabia started small and grew over time. This allows the entrepreneur the flexibility to expand at his own pace, in tune with resources and experience that are acquired over time.

Employment opportunities are provided, and allied industries involved in feed supply, veterinary services, equipment manufacturing, and even transport are supported.

Raising Poultry as an Economic Endeavour

With the support of the government, there is great potential for growth, and this continues to attract investment in the poultry industry in Saudi Arabia. Subsidies, funding, and the development of infrastructure have eliminated obstacles to entry and expansion for any new poultry farm.

Selection of farm type is always a business choice. Investors typically prefer broiler poultry farming operations for faster turnover while building more permanence with egg poultry farm models. Many diversified farms blend both approaches for more balance in their income streams.

Costs are very important to understand. The main items of expenditure include feeds, housing, labor, and utilities. Good poultry farm management results in maintaining these costs at low levels while increasing efficiency and output.

Challenges and Risk Management

Like any other farming or agricultural undertaking, this too comes with a lot of challenges. If the management is not good, heat stress, feed price fluctuations, and disease might prevail. In Saudi Arabia, temperature control and water management are a particular concern regarding the health of birds in a poultry farm.

Still, these risks have been substantially mitigated by the current systems and training. Farms that make investments in proper housing, monitoring systems, and skilled labor are those that will be best positioned to manage operational challenges and maintain poultry farm profitability.

The Future of Poultry Farming in KSA

The prospect for poultry farming in Saudi Arabia is bright; population growth, shifting dietary preferences, and a focus on local production keep expansion on track. Innovations in commercial poultry farming automation and sustainable practices are shaping the next growth phase. There are also prospects for organic eggs and other value-added poultry products within niche markets. Any new poultry farm or established farmer may take advantage of this growth industry with proper planning and sound management.

Conclusion

A poultry farm is more than raising birds; it is a systematic agricultural business entity that contributes to food security, employment opportunities, and economic development. If it is a small poultry farm, a fully automated commercial unit, or an egg poultry farm, each model has its place in Saudi Arabia’s agriculture. Whichever the case, it is essential to understand the farm type, poultry farm management practice, or market demand for a new poultry farm. Indeed, with the right plan, poultry farming can be a stable and profitable long-term opportunity in the Kingdom.

Maintaining appropriate temperatures in poultry farms is the most crucial aspect to ensure healthy and productive birds are raised. For example, in the United States, where there are extreme temperature fluctuations in different parts of the country, poultry temp chicken requirements play an important role in both broiler and layer farms. Temperatures affect every function from rates of growth to rates of food conversion to the number of eggs produced and the health status of the poultry. If temperatures are inappropriate, the birds become stressed, get ill easily, and their productivity is affected.

By knowing what temperature should poultry be at every stage of growth, growers can create conditions that maximize performance. Chicks have much higher heating requirements than older birds, as they are not able to maintain their own body temperatures. This explains why a brood at 95°F is so highly recommended for a chick’s first week, then reducing temperatures by about 5°F every week as feathers develop. It is a critical factor for maintaining proper temperatures for older birds, too.

How Temperature Influences Growth in Chickens

Growth rate can also be affected by temperature. If the temperature around the broilers is too low, the birds will need more energy in order to keep themselves warm. When the temperature is too high, the broilers can suffer from poultry heat stress. This will cause a reduction in their appetite and will also affect their feed conversion ratio. If temperature conditions are optimized, the birds will be able to use energy in other ways.

The needs are slightly different in each layer. The temperature fluctuations are tolerated well by laying hens. Extreme temperatures result in lowered productivity in terms of egg laying.

The dehydration of the hens, besides affecting the productivity, reduces the size of the eggs.

Indicators of Poultry Heat Stress

Early detection is important. The signs are panting, spreading wings, lethargy, reduced feed consumption, and less active birds. With high temperatures, deaths can occur, particularly in broilers during hot months. You determine poultry heat stress by behavior observation and adjusting as recommended.

Heat stress hurts the immune system, making birds susceptible to diseases. Regulating temperatures within the favorable range will cut incidence and improve bird health.

Climate-controlled units that provide favorable temperatures year-round are common in U.S. farms aiming to improve performances.

Optimal Temperature Conditions for Various Birds

It is important to grasp the temperature difference for broilers and general poultry. For example, broilers will do best at temperatures of around 95°F in the first week, reducing gradually to 70-75°F by week six. Layers usually perform best at temperatures ranging between 65-75°F, depending on both bird age and level of production.

For mixed-flock operations, it can be more difficult to maintain temperatures on every bird within the proper range. Many producers start separating birds by age or use supplemental heating or cooling systems to achieve proper temperatures within each bird. Small changes can mean big differences in performance and profitability.

Ventilation and Airflow: The Pair

Temperature and ventilation work in conjunction with each other. High temperatures can stress birds despite the mild room temperature. Ventilation helps remove heat, moisture, and ammonia, which helps in bird comfort. High-tech poultry houses usually have automated fans, exhaust systems, and sensors that maintain the correct poultry temp chicken.

If ventilation is not adequate, it can lead to harmful accumulation of heat and moisture, which can be problematic for birds when trying to keep a normal temperature. Improved ventilation systems can be highly effective for bird health and productivity.

Heat Stress Management Strategies

Several methods help to cope with this condition. Birds have high moisture loss during this condition; thus, providing adequate access to clean water is a must. Scheduling their feeding times to consume during cooler periods of the day helps to promote feeding while avoiding peak times during this condition.

Insulation, shading, or proper cooling through a poultry cooling system can all help with temperature regulation, no matter what the conditions. Sprinkling and fogging can help reduce temperatures. Farmers can ensure that the temperature is not causing poultry heat stress if they monitor temperature.

Effect of Feeds and Water Consumption

Heat-stressed birds eat less. This is a problem as birds are inhibited from growing as well as laying eggs. A bird requires a proper temperature in order to eat as expected. This will result in effective feed being converted to either gains in weight or egg production. Water will also be taken in large amounts as the bird is exposed to high temperatures.

Economic and Productivity Perspectives

Inefficient handling of poultry heat stress can impact growth, egg production, or even mortality, which all contribute to profit. Maintaining a right temperature, as well as an apt environment, ensures maximum usage, minimized diseases, and hence possibly reduced veterinary bills but increased production.

Conclusion

Poultry producers in the US must be aware of what temperature should poultry be, since temperature can be detrimental due to poultry heat stress that can impair growth rate, production, and bird welfare. It will be very essential for poultry producers in the US to take measures to ensure that birds remain healthy and productive by being apprised of basic poultry production concepts.

Poultry farming is amongst the most growing agricultural activities within the United States. Both small-scale backyard family farms and large commercial farms have played a vital role in providing sufficient amounts of affordable and healthy protein to millions of Americans. The rearing of chickens is more than just this; it includes devising such a system that is efficient, sustainable, and profitable, meeting the market demand while maintaining the health and welfare of the birds. Grasping the key concepts behind poultry farming or poultry chicken farming will enable a new or experienced farmer to successfully manage their business.

The American poultry industry facts show phenomenal growth over the last couple of decades. With increasing demands by consumers for chicken meat and eggs, modern farms in the United States have embraced new technologies and management methods to achieve utmost efficiency and production. A well-managed poultry farm not only contributes to ensuring the food supply but also to the local economy, job opportunities, and enhances the general agricultural sector.

Poultry Farming in the USA: An Overview

At the very core, poultry farming entails rearing birds like chickens under controlled conditions that aim to protect their health and ensure good productivity. Most farms in the USA are either broiler farms, raising chickens for their meat, or layer farms, raising them for their eggs. Each type has a particular need in terms of care.

For example, broilers would take high-protein diets to grow fast, while layers take nutrition that enables these birds to lay continuously. A chicken poultry farm would invest in controlled housing aimed at protecting the birds from extreme weather conditions, predators, and diseases, while allowing proper ventilation and temperature changes within the poultry farm.

The basic essentials for poultry chicken farming are feed and water. Birds need appropriate nutrition to grow or lay eggs. Feed efficiency directly impacts profit; therefore, planning feed schedules and quality is imperative. Other daily routines on the farm involve health checks, access to clean water, and hygiene. Good poultry farm management makes all the difference in the success and profitability of any given operation.

Why Poultry Farming is Beneficial

Advantages in poultry farming are very rewarding; it usually reaps rather quick returns on investment, especially compared to other areas in livestock. Chickens grow faster, take less space, and are efficient feed-to-protein converters. That makes poultry chicken farming a most attractive option both for the small hobbyist and large commercial operations.

A poultry farm also contributes to providing jobs within a community. The operations require many different workers for feeding, cleaning, health care, and logistics of the farm. The benefits extend indirectly to veterinary services, transport services, and local feed suppliers when a farm is successful. Poultry products are further rather inexpensive and very well consumed; that is why the poultry industry facts have shown constant demand and growth across the United States.

Modern Practices in Poultry Farm Management

Today, much goes into the administration of a poultry farm besides just feeding and watering birds. Most modern American farms make immense use of technology, be it automated feeding systems and climate-controlled housing, to digital tools for monitoring. Such advancements are allowing farmers to maintain ideal conditions, reduce waste, and boost productivity. Indeed, efficient poultry farm management today often depends upon data-driven decisions, be it tracking growth rates or monitoring flock health.

Other key components to successfully running a poultry farm incorporate biosecurity into them. Restricting access to the farm, cleaning equipment, and frequent observation of disease amongst birds prevent outbreaks that easily wipe out a group of birds. Most farms employ sustainable practices, such as recycling waste and energy-efficient systems, to minimize the environmental footprint. Those with an interest in improving operations may want to explore general poultry solutions to help through practical and actionable resources with respect to efficiency optimization and long-term outcomes.

Facts and Trends: Poultry Industry

The poultry industry facts stipulate that the United States is the leading poultry producer in the world. Consumption of chicken is among the highest of the meats because it is relatively cheap, versatile, and nutritious. Advances in broiler breeding, feed efficiency, and health have dramatically improved productivity on American farms.

Other leading trends in poultry industry facts concern the growing demands of consumers to know more about and ethical farming of poultry. Many Americans would like to see poultry products from birds that have been brought up with high welfare standards and tight quality controls. This encourages farmers to implement good poultry farm management practices in such a way that they remain competitive while garnering consumer trust.

Getting Started in Poultry Farming

Poultry farming in the USA requires great planning to start. You have to consider such a factor as farm location, local regulations, initial investment, and available resources. Most beginners prefer to begin their poultry businesses with fewer birds for practice, later scaling up. Small-scale poultry chicken farming setups allow one to learn daily operations and bird behavior, and hence it offers you a few good poultry farm management techniques.

This is where the role of training and research becomes unparalleled. Studying successful models and keeping updated with poultry industry facts will keep costly mistakes at bay. With proper planning, dedication, and reliable resources, poultry farming can be sustainable and profitable.

Final Thoughts

Poultry farming in the USA is all set to assure the best prospects for people who intend to join agriculture or widen their farming portfolio. Modern practices and strong poultry farm management, with attention to market trends, are ingredients that can lead to great success in any poultry farm business.

Whether it is a small backyard setup or a large commercial operation, the secret seems to lie in understanding the principles, embracing efficient practices, and keeping up with the latest poultry industry facts. When well conducted, poultry chicken farming is rewarding and lucrative, considering it feeds millions of people; this gives a sound base for business success in the long term. Professional general poultry solutions can help every operation effectively fine-tune its processes toward sustainable growth.

If you raise 10 to 20 birds and manage them properly with a healthy diet and good care, you can easily make $500 to $1000. It’s a rough guess; the profit can be even more if everything is dealt properly.

We’ve been doing this for the past 20 years, and we can say that it definitely is a rewarding business option that gives huge profit in less time, with an always-increasing demand. However, if you are just starting a small poultry farm, there are a lot of things you need to keep in mind that will make your start-up a hit or miss!

Therefore, let us share our valuable insights from our 2 decades of experience in the poultry farming solutions.

What Poultry Farming Actually Is?

Poultry farming is the practice of raising domesticated birds. It generally includes chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese, for eggs, meat, and other commercial products. It is considered one of the most profitable agricultural ventures worldwide, as it combines animal care, business management, and proper planning. 

If you get a strong grip on the poultry farming basics, you are good to go to scale your operations.

Today, if anybody asks us how to start poultry farming for beginners, the upcoming 7 tips would be our best piece of advice for them!

Tips For People Who Are Just Starting Out in Poultry Farming

1. Start Small And Learn The System:

First of all, it is very important to understand the basics of poultry farming when you are just starting out. It is recommended to start with a manageable number of birds, maybe 20 to 50, so you can learn easily. 

What will you learn about?

• How do they behave?
• How much feed do they consume?
• How should you care for the birds?

Not only does it reduce the risk of loss in your business, but it also gives you the space to understand the rhythm of poultry care. As you keep learning and gaining confidence in what you do, you can gradually expand your flock. As time goes on, you’ll understand the cost structure, daily routines, and operational requirements as well. This method aligns with the poultry starter guide as well, which makes your journey smoother and more controlled.

2. Choose The Right Breed:

As much as caring for your poultry animals is important, choosing the right breed of them is equally important.

It’s not racism, it’s a strategy for effective business growth!

It’s important because every poultry breed has its strengths. Some birds grow faster and are ideal for meat production, while others lay eggs consistently throughout the year. As a beginner, you must have a clear idea of what goal you want to achieve before you finally choose a specific breed. Doing a little homework will save you from unnecessary losses.

Moreover, consider your local climate, budget, and availability of quality chicks. When studying how beginners can start a poultry business, breed selection becomes one of the most influential factors in long-term success.

3. Build A Safe And Comfortable Housing:

Would you want to live in a home that’s not clean, airy, and has no supply of quality food and resting space?

Obviously not!

The same goes for your poultry farm birds. If you provide a well-ventilated, predator-proof, and clean environment to your farm birds, it will ensure that they remain active and disease-free. The structure does not need to be fancy, but it must meet all poultry farming requirements, such as dryness, adequate temperature, proper spacing, and clean air circulation. A comfortable home minimizes stress among birds.

4. Follow The Right Feeding Practices:

Another beginner-friendly poultry farming tip!

Take notes, future poultry farmers. It is one of the most significant expenses in poultry farming, so you must manage it wisely. It’s observed that a lot of beginners often overspend or underfeed without maintaining a proper nutritional balance. It is recommended to provide birds with commercial feed that meets their age requirements, such as:

• Starter feed for chicks
• Grower feed for juveniles
• Layer feed for adult hens.

This is where poultry feeding and management play an essential role. The healthier your birds eat, the better their growth and production.

5. Maintain Hygiene And Disease Control:

One of the biggest threats in poultry farming is disease outbreaks. Therefore, the cleanliness of your poultry farm is not an option; it’s mandatory!

Top 3 things that must be clean:

• Clean the coop frequently
• Change bedding regularly
• Dispose of waste properly. 

If you follow regular vaccinations and health checks, it will help you protect your flock from common infections. Hygiene also includes controlling moisture, temperature, and visitors to the farm. Many beginners skip strict hygiene routines, which ultimately leads to preventable losses. Therefore, make sure that you don’t make this mistake as a beginner to the poultry farming business.

6. Manage Your Finances Properly:

Every poultry farm is also a business, even if you start small. Therefore, you must keep an accurate record of your:

• Expenses
• Income
• Feed costs
• Electricity usage
• Medicine bills. 

If you understand your finances early on, it helps you identify unnecessary spending and plan better for expansion. As you study how to start poultry farming for beginners, financial discipline becomes a golden rule. Many beginners fail not due to bird health but due to poor budgeting. So, treat your farm as a business; it’s rule number one! 

7. Learn Before You Expand:

It is common that beginner farmers often rush into expansion after a few early successes. However, knowledge and experience should always grow before flock size does. It is recommended to observe your first flock for several months and understand its challenges. Based on that, you can alter your management style.

Here’s what you can do:

• Consult local farmers
• Take short agricultural courses
• Stay updated on new techniques. 

Dos And Don’ts Of Poultry Farming

• Do’s:
  • Keep the coop dry, clean, and well-ventilated
  • Provide fresh water daily
  • Monitor bird health closely
  • Keep accurate records
  • Use quality feed only
• Dont’s: 
  • Don’t overcrowd your birds
  • Don’t ignore early signs of disease
  • Don’t mix old and new birds without quarantine
  • Don’t compromise on hygiene
  • Don’t buy chicks from unreliable suppliers

Summary 

Poultry farming is such a fun business option to try, but only when you understand its basics clearly. If you’re wondering how to start poultry farming for beginners, follow the above-mentioned tips and the right practices. Such as starting small, choosing the right breed, maintaining cleanliness, disease and hygiene control, and staying up-to-date with the current best practices. If you stay consistent and keep learning continuously, you can build a profitable and sustainable poultry business. Whether you’re starting a small poultry farm or planning to expand later, patience and proper management will guide your success.

Wishing you the best as you begin your exciting journey into poultry farming!

Poultry netting is an amazing way to keep your feathered pets safe and protected from external threats such as predators, isolation from other infected animals, or simply climatic changes. However, with a bunch of options available in the market, it is often challenging to choose the one that best matches your requirements. Therefore, we’ve compiled this guide that will teach you from the beginning to the end about how to choose the right poultry netting for your farm based on its stand-out features and main purpose.

The Benefits Of Poultry Netting

Poultry netting is commonly used around coops, chicken runs, gardens, and outdoor poultry enclosure setups. Many farmers know it as the same style used in chicken wire fencing, but modern options offer far greater strength, flexibility, and predator resistance. Apart from protecting your flock from external predators, there are some other important benefits of poultry netting that you must be aware of:

• It prevents the risk of your birds escaping.
• It keeps young birds safe while they are not capable enough to deal with bugs, etc.
• It keeps older birds from pecking their fellow ones, especially during meal time, and stealing each other’s food.
• It prevents dehydration by keeping the chickens cool and at a moderate temperature.
• It can be reused for plant netting as well as for the protection of crops.

What Are The Different Types Of Poultry Netting And How Do They Work?

It doesn’t matter if you’re using poultry netting for chicken coop protection, chicken run netting, or setting up spacious bird enclosure netting; its purpose remains the same: create a safe, durable, and functional environment for your flock.

So let’s explore the different types of poultry netting and how they achieve what they are intended to. 

1. Basic Wire Poultry Netting:

It is the basic metal wire fencing we all grew up seeing. It is made up of thin, hexagonal wires and is often sold in poultry mesh rolls that can be cut and shaped according to the fencing layout. It means that this poultry netting can fit any shape, size, design, or layout of your farm.

While it does provide decent containment for small birds, it’s not always predator-proof chicken fencing because strong animals like dogs or foxes can tear through it. If you are looking for poultry netting options for low-risk environments as an added internal layer of security, basic wire netting is the best one for it.

2. Plastic Or UV-Resistant Poultry Netting:

The 3 main features of this plastic-based poultry netting are:

• It is often lightweight
• It is flexible
• It is easy to install.

Although it’s commonly used for temporary fencing or for seasonal chicken run setups. They act as a quick containment option, especially when you need to expand your chicken’s outdoor area or protect a garden. It cannot withstand aggressive predators; however, it works well for short-term or low-risk usage.

3. Heavy Duty Poultry Netting:

This option for poultry netting offers stronger protection compared to the basic wire mesh. It is made from a thicker metal or high-tensile coated wires that can withstand force, harsh weather, and long-term outdoor exposure.

The design of this poultry netting option creates a rigid fence that keeps predators out and prevents birds from pushing through gaps. A lot of the farmers often use it for larger farms, permanent coop structures, and environments where predators are a high concern.

4. Electric Poultry Netting:

This is what’s becoming a trending sensation in the world of poultry farming right now!

But why?

This is because electric poultry netting is very effective in keeping away predators. It’s successful in doing so because of its conductive wires that are woven through mesh strands and powered by a low-voltage energizer.

When a predator or bird touches the fence, they receive a mild shock. It doesn’t harm the animal but quickly teaches predators to stay away. It’s the favorite netting option of farmers because it offers stronger nighttime protection and is perfect for rotating birds across different grazing areas.

Which One Is The Right Poultry Netting Option For Me?

How would you know which type of poultry fencing solution is the right one for you?

It depends on a number of factors such as your farm’s location, predator presence, flock size, and fencing goals.

• If you live in an area with common predators like foxes, stray dogs, or raccoons, electric poultry netting will give you the strongest balance of mobility and safety. Its shock system adds an extra layer of protection, especially for free-range setups. If you rotate your birds frequently, it’s an ideal option for you! 
• If your priority is long-term strength, durability, and weather resistance, then wire-based options work better. Among them, the heavy-duty poultry netting stands out the most. Its rigid structure prevents predators from tearing through and holds up for years, which makes it perfect for large coops and permanent chicken housing.
• For small flocks, low-risk areas, or garden protection, plastic poultry netting or basic chicken wire fencing are easy choices. They’re affordable, simple to install, and very flexible enough to shape around your farm fencing mesh setups. 
• For large outdoor poultry enclosure designs or bird sanctuary-style farms, if you combine multiple netting types, it may work best. For example, farmers often use wire mesh for the base and chicken run netting overhead as a roof barrier to prevent birds from flying out and hawks from swooping in.

If you require personalized and detailed guidance on choosing the right netting option, our general poultry solutions will definitely help you out. At Gulfa Global Poultry Solutions, we have been helping people choose the right netting option, build the structure, and execute its functioning for the past 2 decades. Contact us for further details.

Final Thoughts:

To sum up, if you want to choose the right poultry netting option for your farm or chicken fencing setups, it depends upon these factors:

• Your environment
• Predator level
• Duration of netting (either short-term or long-term)

Among all 4 popular options, Electric poultry netting offers exceptional predator deterrence, while wire-based options provide long-lasting strength. Plastic and lightweight netting remain great for flexible, seasonal, or low-risk use. No matter which you choose, the goal remains clear: protect your flock, secure your farm, and create a safe outdoor space where your birds can thrive.